In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic, cytostatic, anti-migration and antioxidant effects of extracts of selected honey samples on human breast cancer cell lines MDA, in addition to anti-inflammatory effects on THP-1-derived Macrophages رسالة ماجستير

Abstract

Cancer is a complex disease with high prevalence worldwide and the breast cancer is considered as serious diseases that has become a significant socioeconomic burden cancer type. Many remedies are currently in use in the management of this disease, but they are associated with multiple severe side effects. Hence, the search for alternative herbal-based medicine as a source of high-value bioactive compounds with a minimum side effect is highly appreciated. Based on published literature, the effects of (labelled as PH1 to PH9) floral honey samples were evaluated in this proposed in vitro study. Using the MDA human breast cancer cell line, the study examines the potential anticancer effects of the honey samples. MTT assay was used to assess their cytotoxic and cytostatic effects. Furthermore, anti-migration effect was evaluated using scratch-wound assay. No cytotoxic effects were observed in any of the tested samples at all concentrations. The honeys identified as PH2 (Morar), PH3 (Khorfesh), PH5 (Sedr), and PH6 (Kena) showed cytostatic activity on MDA cells, leading to a decrease in cell viability by up to 43% at a concentration of 4mg/mL compared to the untreated control cells. Moreover, the data suggests that the MDA cell migration rate is significantly reduced after treatment with PH2, PH3, PH5, PH6, and PH7 compared to the untreated cells (p < 0.05). Specifically, PH2, PH5, and PH6 reduced MDA cell migration by 90%, 80%, and 72% respectively, compared to the control cells. In addition, evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of the samples were tested by measuring the nitric oxide (NO) secretion from LPS-activated THP-1-derived macrophages. The results show that Khorfesh, Sedr, Kena Gabali and Aghwar decreased the NO production rate significantly. The evaluation also focuses on measuring their antioxidant (DPPH-based scavenging activity). The IC50 values of the DPPH free radical neutralization ranged from 0.7 g/mL to 2.87 g/ml. Results obtained indicate that cytostatic and anti-migration effects may contribute to anticancer benefits. Further future investigations are essential to reveal the molecular mechanisms and the role of isolated phytochemicals in the obtained results. This is an important step in the development of herbal-based anticancer drugs.