Targeting Drug-Resistant Bacteria: The Promise of Oxazole-Based Antibacterial Agents and their structure-activity relationships (SAR): Review

Abstract

The emergence of drug resistance has led to an unfulfilled medical demand for the creation of novel antibiotic classes. Developing novel antibacterial drugs with fresh modes of action is still a top priority everywhere. Oxazoles are heterocyclic scaffolds of five members, including oxygen and nitrogen atoms separated by one carbon. They can easily attach to different enzymes and receptors in biological systems through various non-covalent interactions and exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties, including antioxidants, antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-HIV, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. The study of oxazole-based derivatives as therapeutic medicines has been a highly active area of research, resulting in multiple significant accomplishments. Many oxazole compounds have been extensively used as clinical medications or candidates for treating various medical conditions. These compounds have demonstrated significant development potential and wide-ranging therapeutic properties. Recently, the use of these heterocyclic nuclei as building blocks for creating new chemical compounds in medical and pharmaceutical chemistry has significantly increased globally. Internationally, ongoing research focuses on identifying Oxazole-based compounds that have the potential as highly effective therapeutic drugs. The current study centers on the recent advances in medicinal chemistry to identify different chemical structures that could be used as possible antimicrobial medicines. This review also covered the structure activity relationships (SAR) investigations related to these structures and the design of these derivatives.