Effects of Pre-Treatments and Conservation Conditions on Seed Viability and Germination of Two Varieties of an Endangered Species Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link (Asteraceae)

Abstract

This research presents, for the first time, a study of seed germination for two varieties, ‘Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) Link’ and ‘Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball.) Maire’, of an endemic and endangered medicinal species listed in the IUCN red list as Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link. Our objective was to provide information for their protection as well as a sustainable development strategy, by understanding whether the seeds germinate easily or have very specific germination requirements, and whether the storage conditions provided for the seeds were sufficiently favorable for the development of the species. A study of seed germination of the two varieties was conducted on lots of 25 seeds for each variety/treatment. Five treatments were used to break seed dormancy, which were chemical scarification with sulphuric acid (H2SO4 ), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) and potassium nitrate (KNO3 ); hot water (80 ◦C); and cold scarification at 4 ◦C. The viability was examined for stored seeds (6 months, 1 year and 2 years) and for those that did not germinate after the germination test at harvest, using the tetrazolium test. The dormancy was broken via cold scarification (4 ◦C) and chemical scarification (H2O2 , H2SO4 , NP (KNO3 )). The results also showed that a long storage time in wet cold (4 ◦C) causes a loss of seed viability, whereas a long storage time at −17 ◦C causes seed dormancy, which can be broken by cold scarification and chemical scarification. It was concluced that the rarity of the species was not due to the reproductive system, but to the overexploitation of the species during the flowering season, which influenced the natural regeneration of the species.