Epidemiology and Diagnostic Insights into Orf Virus Infection in Palestinian Sheep and Goats: A Histopathological and Serological Study

Abstract

Contagious ecthyma, known as Orf virus, is a prevalent disease in livestock, particularly affecting young sheep and goats, with significant implications for Palestinian agricultural economy and animal production. This investigation explores the incidence and impact of contagious ecthyma Orf virus in sheep and goats across various age groups in Jenin governorate, Palestine. Employing ELISA testing and histopathological examination, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease’s manifestation and control. The disease presented with severe symptoms, notably in mucocutaneous areas, and was most prevalent in younger animals during colder months. Histopathological findings indicated pronounced tissue damage, including epithelial hyperplasia and necrosis. Infection rates were highest in newborn sheep (31.03% in January) and mortality peaked in newborn goats (25.4% in March). Control measures showed diclofen as the most effective treatment with an efficiency rate of 89.19%, followed by isolation rate of 84.3%. The study confirms the Orf virus’s significant impact on livestock, with young animals being particularly vulnerable. Effective control measures are crucial, especially during peak infection periods. The results serve as a vital resource for developing strategic interventions to manage and mitigate the disease’s effects on animal health and the agricultural economy