Arabic translation and psychometric validation of the revised Patient Perception of Patient-Centeredness (PPPC-R) questionnaire

Abstract

Background The Revised Patient Perception of Patient-Centeredness (PPPC-R) scale was originally formulated in English to examine patient-centeredness. Objective To translate and validate the PPPC-R questionnaire into Arabic. Methodology Translating the PPPC-R into Arabic involved forward and back translations by bilingual experts. Content validity was checked through the Item and Scale Content Validity Indices. The instrument underwent pilot testing and was then completed by 179 patients in the emergency department to examine construct validity using both confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha to ensure internal consistency. Results The Item Content Validity Index ranged between 0.66 and 1, and the Scale Content Validity Index was 0.96. Initial confirmatory factor analysis of the Arabic-PPPC-R revealed an inadequate fit, prompting an exploratory factor analysis with Promax rotation, which identified three factors that explained 66.3% of the variance. The refined model, tested again using confirmatory factor analysis, demonstrated an acceptable fit with improved statistical measures, including CFI and TLI values above 0.90 and RMSEA of 0.07. Reliability testing revealed high internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.949 for the full scale and between 0.889 and 0.906 for the individual subscales. Conclusion The study findings showed that the Arabic version of the PPPC-R has good structural characteristics and is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring patient-centeredness.